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Bernhard von Spanheim
Bernhard von Spanheim (or Sponheim) (1176 or 1181 – 4 January 1256) was Duke of Carinthia for 54 years from 1202 until his death. He was a member of the noble House of Sponheim.
==Family==
In 1122 Bernhard's ancestor Count Henry of Sponheim, descending from Rhenish Franconia, had inherited the Imperial estate of Carinthia.
His father was Duke Herman II of Carinthia, who had reigned from 1161 until 1181. He was at first succeeded by Bernhard's elder brother Duke Ulrich II, who reigned for two decades but died childless on 10 August 1202, whereafter Bernhard succeeded him. His mother was Agnes of Austria (1154–1182).〔Institute of Royal Medieval Genealogy 〕
Bernhard's paternal grandparents were Margrave Engelbert III of Istria and Matilda of Sulzbach. Matilda was a daughter of the Bavarian Nordgau Count Berengar II of Sulzbach (d. 3 December 1125) and Adelheid of Wolfratshausen. Her sisters included Gertrude and Bertha of Sulzbach, respectively the wives of King Conrad III of Germany and Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos.
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